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1998年全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试卷 （3） |
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(59) ATM 是一种面向连接的快速分组交换技术，它采用虚拟通道模式，通道标识基于两种标识符
A) (N)PDU 、 (N)IDU B)VPI 、 VCI
C) CONNECT .reguest 、 CONNECT.indication D) (N)SAP 、 (N+1)SAP
(60) 在 ISO“ 开放系统互连管理框架 ” 中，将网络系统管理划分为五个功能域。这五个功能域是：配置管理、故障管理、安全管理、性能管理与
A) 设备管理 B) 用户注册管理 C) 计费管理 D) 域名管理
(61) What is the decimal value of the following 32-bit two's complement number?
1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100
A) -8 B) -4 C) 4 D) 8
(62) How many subsets does A have?
Let A={E ， O ， A ， W ， P ， V ， B}
A) 12 B) 36 C) 64 D) 128
(63) Suppose V1= ， V2= ， where R is the set of real numbers ， + ， and· are respectively addition and multiplication.Let f ﹕ R→R and f(x) = ex ， which of the following propositions is true?
A) f is a surjective homomorphism from V1 to V2
B) f is an injective homomorphism from V1 to V2
C) f is an isomorphism from V1 to V2
D) None of the above
(64) P(n) is the predicate 'if 4 divides n then 2 divides n'. What is the truth value of P(12)?
A) 10 B) F C) T D) None of the above
(65) An algorithm to solve a given problem has time complexity
T(n)=nlog2n-(n-1)
Given that the algorithm takes 0.8 second for a problem in which n =1024 ， how long should it take for a problem in which n=4096? (2 Points)
A) 39 seconds B) 3.9 seconds C) 3.9 minutes D) 0.8 seconds
(66) What is the definition of a Path?
A) A sequence of vertices and the edges formed by each successive pair of vertices.
B) A walk with distinct vertices.
C) A walk with distinct edges.
D) None of the above
(67) The figure below shows a record used for recording information about a named event. Which of the following statement is incorrect? (2 Points)
VAR r ﹕ record
event ﹕ array[1..10] of char;
place ﹕ array[1..20] of record
plname ﹕ array[1..15] of char;
date ﹕ array[1..5] of record
mo ﹕ 1..12;
day ﹕ 1..31;
year ﹕ integer
end
end
end;
A) This is a one-dimensional array of records ， also called a table.
B) This is so called record of arrays;
C) The event can occur in up to 20 places and on up to 5 different dates in each place.
D) A reference to r.place[i].date[j].mo will access the month of the jth occurrence ， in the ith place ， of the event named in r.event.
(68) Which of the following statements is true regarding simple sort techniques? (2 Points)
A) Exchange sort is frequently referred to as a bubble sort.
B) Exchange sort is the least expensive.
C) If random data are in an array that is to be sorted ， an Insertion Sort will give the best performance for large elements with small sort items.
D) Both Insertion Sort and Selection Sort require O(n)moves.
(69) Which UNIX command creates a symbolic link named myfile in the current directory to the file/etc/hosts?
A) In -s /etc/hosts myfile B) In -s myfile /etc/hosts
C) link -s /etc/hosts myfile D) link -s myfile /etc/hosts
(70) Which MS-DOS command is correct?
A) DEL /s *.bat B) DEL *.exe/sp C) DEL *.obj >nul: D) DEL *.com *.sys
(71) A virtual memory system has five virtual pages numbered zero through four and three page frames. All the page frames are initially empty. How many page faults are generated with the following access sequence using a FIFO replacement policy? (2 Points)
0 1 2 3 0 1 4 0 1 2 3 4
A) 8 B) 9 C) 10 D) 11
(72) Which element is NOT part of a microkernel? (2 Points)
A) basic I/O B) a file system
C) IPC mechanisms D) memory management
(73) Which is local to a thread instead of a process? (2 Points)
A) a stack B) an open file C) a semaphores D) an address space
(74) What is a subselect statement?
A) a select statement that selects a subset of fields in a table
B) a select statement that returns a subset of the data in a table
C) a select statement that appears within another select statement
D) a select statement that returns a subset of the constraints on a field
(75) In developing a hospital database ， it is determined that on the average ， each patient will have 6 treatments during a hospital stay. The averge length of a stay is three days.The hospital has 1000 beds. There are on the average 800 patients occupying beds each day. The relationship between PATIENT and TREATMENT is l: M. The relationship between PATIENT and BED is 1: 1 ， conditional. If treatment record occurrences are archived as soon as a patient is discharded from the hospital ， how many occurrences of the TREATMENT records will be stored in the TREATMENT database file on the average? (2 Points)
A) 6,000 B) 4,800 C) 18,000 D)1,600
(76) Which of the following conditions will make a relation that is in first normal form to be in second normal form?
Ⅰ .every non-key attribute is functionally dependent on the full set of primary key attributes.
Ⅱ .no non-key attributes exist in the relation.
Ⅲ .the primary key consists of only one attribute.
A) Ⅰ only B) Ⅰ and Ⅱ only C) Ⅰ and Ⅲ only D) any of them
(77) The most commonly used locking level in implementing concurrency control is at which of the following levels?
A) database B) table C) record D)field
(78) Which function is NOT served by building a prototype?
A) It takes the place of the final system.
B) It assists in gathering software requirements
C) It assists in estimating the cost of the project.
D) It is used as the foundation of the larger projects.
(79) Software document is an important part of software and a basis of software development phase.It also influnces software's (2 Points)
A) Reusability B) Maintanence C) Expansibility D) Portability
(80) Which phase of the software development requires the most development time?
A) the design phase B) the testing phase
C) the maintenance phase D) the development phase
(81) Which of the following statements is correct? (2 Points)
A) The definition phase results in the Software Requirements Specification.
B) Testing is optional in software life cycle.
C) CASE tools can only aid in the design phase of a software life cycle.
D) A change during a later phase does not require the documentation of all earlier phases to be updated.
(82) Black-box and white-box testing method are often used in software testing phase ， in which ， the white-box is mainly used to test software's
A) reasonableness of structure B) correctness of a program
C) external function of a program D) internal logic of a program
(83) How does Booth's Algorithm improve binary multiplication?
A) It prevents overflow.
B) It prevents underflow.
C) It preserves the sign of the multiplication operation.
D) It enhances the speed of the operation significantly.
(84) A cache has 64 blocks; each block is 16 bytes. Which block does byte 1200 map to ?
A) 25 B) 60 C) 75 D)100
(85) Which is NOT a characteristic of an RISC processor?
A) a high clock speed
B) a highly optimized pipeline
C) a few general-purpose registers
D) a limited amount of small instructions
(86) You are performing two sums: the first is a sum of two scalar variables and the second is a matrix sum of a pair of two- dimensional arrays-size 1000 by 1000. What speedup is achieved when the calculations are performed on size 1000 processors? (2 Points)
A) 50 B) 100 C) 999 D) none of the above
(87) According to Shannon's equation ， what is the channel capacity of an analog voice-grade phone line with a bandwidth of 3100 Hz and a signal-to-noise ratio or 30dB? (2 Points)
A) 9.1 Kbps B) 9.3 Kbps C) 30.9 Kbps D) 30.17 Kbps
(88) The X ﹒ 25 standard specifies three layers of functionality. Which layers of the OSI model correspond to the X ﹒ 25 layers?
A) the Physical ， Network ， and Session Layers
B) the Physical ， Data Link ， and Network Layers
C) the Physical ， Data Link ， and Transport Layers
D) the Physical ， Session ， and Presentation layers
(89) Which routing algorithm is described below?
It is a mechanism in which the setding station determines the route the frame will follow and includes the routing information with the frame; bridges read the routing information to determine if they should forward the frame.
A) Fixed Routing B) Spanning Tree C) Source Routing D) Frame Forwarding
(90) Which OSI layer does a bridge operate at?
A) the Physical Layer B) the Network Layer
C) the Transport Layer D) the Data Link Layer
二、论述题（两个论述题可任选其一，并只选其一，多选无效，满分 30 分）
论述题 1
在计算机指令集的设计与实现过程中，出现了两种对立的技术路线或风格，即 CISC 与 RISC.
(1) 指出 CISC 的主要弊病 .(8 分 )
(2) 概述 RISC 技术的基本要点 .(12 分 )
(3) Intel X86 系列属于哪一种风格，当前它采用的是怎样的技术路线 .(10 分 )
论述题 2
人们在管理实践中发现，数据库技术是信息资源的整理、保存、 管理和使用的最有效的手段。数据库按其数据结构模型分类，通常可分为层次型数据库、网络型数据库、关系型数据库和面向对象型数据库，各种类似的数据模型都有自身的特点。 试从关系数据模型的优点和弱点论述：
(1) 为什么人们在开发以事务处理为主的信息系统（例如管理信息系统）时，大多选用关系型数据库作为开发环境？（ 18 分）
(2) 在许多含有复杂数据结构或丰富语义的实际应用领域中， 为什么要选用面向对象数据库或要对关系型数据库作某些扩充和修改？（ 12 分）
1998 年全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试卷
答案及评分标准
一、 选择题：（共 90 题，分为 1 分题和 2 分题，满份 120 分。带 “*” 的题为 2 分题，其余均为 1 分题。）
1.D * 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A
* 6.C * 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.D 12.D 13.C * 14.C 15.A
* 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
21.C * 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.A
26.C 27.B 28.D * 29.B * 30.A
* 31.D * 32.A 33.A * 34.B * 35.B
36.A 37.A 38.C 39.B * 40.D
41.B 42.C * 43.C 44.C * 45.B
46.D 47.D 48.A * 49.D 50.C
51.B 52.A 53.B 54.A * 55.A
56.C * 57.B * 58.B 59.B 60.C
61.B 62.D 63.B 64.C * 65.B
66.B * 67.A * 68.A 69.A 70.C
* 71.B * 72.B * 73.A 74.C * 75.D
76.D 77.C 78.A * 78.B 80.C
* 81.A 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.C
* 86.C * 87.D 88.B 89.C 90.D
二、论述题（两个论述题可任选其一，并只选其一，多选无效，满分 30 分）
论述题 1 评分参考：
(1) CISC 弊病的要点：
① 指令集过分庞杂，实际上 80% 的时间是在执行 20% 的简单操作指令，这就使多数指令的利用率不高。（ 2 分）
② 每条复杂指令要通过执行一段解释性微程序才能完成，这就需要占用过多的 CPU 周期。 (2 分 )
③ 由于指令庞大，使编译程序选择目标指令的范围很大，难以优化编译。（ 2 分）
④ 强调数据控制，导致设计复杂，研制周期变长。（ 1 分）
⑤ 芯片生产成本提高而成品率降低。（ 1 分）
(2) RISC 技术的要点：
① 精简指令数量，选择使用频度高的指令。（ 2 分）
② 简化指令格式，尽量使指令具有相同长度，并简化寻址方式。（ 2 分）
③ 采用单周期指令，大部分指令只用一个机器周期即可完成。（ 2 分）
④ 使用大量寄存器，即指令多为 RR 格式。特别是采用寄存器窗口技术，提高了过程调用的速度。（ 2 分）
⑤ 硬线控制逻辑。（ 2 分）
⑥ 优化编译程序，以简单有效的方式支持高级语言的实现。（ 2 分）
(3) Intel X86 系列的技术路线要点：
① 早期的 86 芯片可以说是典型的 CISC 风格，而且与此芯片系列对应已经开发了大量的软件资源。（ 4 分）
② 为了对抗 RISC 技术的冲击， 1989 年 Intel 推出 80486 芯片，它在保持与 386 指令集兼容的同时，吸收了 RISC 的核心技术，从而提高了运行速度。此后的 Pentium 及 Pentium II 更是采用 RISC 常用的超标量、超流水等技术。因此当前它采取的是把 CISC 与 RISC 相折衷、相融合的技术路线。（ 6 分）
论述题 2 评分参考：
(1) 首先，关系数据模型结构简单，为二维表格结构与目前事务处理系统中数据多以二维表格结构组织和表示相适应。（ 10 分）
其次，关系数据模型的其他优点也适应事务处理的要求：
① 表格是一集合，因此集合论等知识可以引入关系型数据模型中，使它具有坚实的数学理论基础。（ 4 分）
② 有简单、易懂 ` 易学的关系数据库的标准语言 SQL 的支持。（ 2 分）
③ 数据具有较高的独立性。（ 2 分）
(2) 在含有复杂数据结构或丰富语义的实际应用领域中，一般选用面向对象数据库，或要对关系数据库作某些扩充和修改是因为：
① 关系数据模型不擅长于表示复杂对象数据类型。（ 4 分）
② 也不擅长于表示实体间的语义联系。（ 4 分）
③ 而面向对象数据模型在这两方面有优势。（ 4 分）
下一篇：1999年全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试卷 （1）
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