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1996年全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试卷 (3) |
| 来源:www.stu88.com 时间:2006-01-08 |
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Questions 65-66 refer to the space requirements of different methods of storing graphs. The choices for these questions are combinations of the following statements. Ⅰ . The space required depends on the number of vertices. Ⅱ . The space required depends on the number of edges. (65) When the adjacency matrix method is used to store a graph, which of the statements is (are) true? A) None B) Ⅰ only C) Ⅱ only D) Ⅰ and Ⅱ (66) When the adjacency list method is used to store a graph, which of the statements is (are) true? A) None B) Ⅰ only C) Ⅱ only D) Ⅰ and Ⅱ Questions 67-68 are based on the following information, A hash table with hash function h1(k)=k mod 13 is shown below. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 35 33 48 25 Collision is resolved using the hash function h2(k)=(k mod 11)+1. (67) How many key comparisons occur in searching for key 35 in the given hash table? (2 分 ) A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 (68) If a new key 67 is inserted into the given hash table, what will be its address? (2 分 ) A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 (69) Suppose the contents of the DOS IF1.BAT file on the hard disk is as follows. @ECHO OFF MEM>FILE1 SORT FILE2 DEL FILE1 @DATE @TIME IF EXIST %1 ECHO % IF FOUND If all of the commands are successfully executed after IF1 FILE1 is typed, then the screen displays? A) None B) Date and time C) FILE1 IS FOUND D) FILE2 IS FOUND (70) If the files in the current directory are aac, abc, acb,acc, aca, ao, al, a2, ab, ac, aa, and the command ls a?[bc] is executed, how many files will be listed? (2 分 ) A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 (71) In order to append a standard output to an existing file, which of the following operators is used in the UNIX system? A) | B) & C) > D) >> (72) Consider the following figure, where the shaded parts represent already assigned blocks of memory, and the unshaded parts represent free blocks. (2 分 ) 0KB 100KB 180KB 190KB 280KB 330KB 390KB 410KB 512KB-1 If there is a request for 40KB of memory and the best-fit algorithm is used, then the beginning address of memory that is allocated in response to the request is A) 100KB B) 190KB C) 330KB D) 410KB (73) On a certain disk, there are 200 tracks, numbered 0-199, the current position of the disk head is track 53. If the shortest-seek-time-first scheduling algorithm is used when the tracks 98, 183, 37, 122, 14, 124, 65, 67 are requested, then the head-moving sequence that results will be (2 分 ) A) 65, 67, 37, 14, 98, 122, 124, 183 B) 65, 67, 37, 98, 122, 124, 183, 14 C) 65, 67, 98, 122, 124, 183, 37, 14 D) 98, 183, 37, 122, 14, 124, 65, 67 (74) Whant operation on relations R and S produces the relation shown below? {tuple│tuple ∈ R?tuple ∈ \ S} A) Union B) Difference C) Intersection D) Division (75) When embedding SQL in a C language program, the prefix that should be added to all SQL statements in order to distinguish SQL statements from the host language statements is A) : B) EXEC C) EXEC SQL D) SQL (76) In the ORACLE system,sets of SQL statements and control flow statements that have been named,compiled,and stored tn the database are referred to as stored A) batches B) procedures C) triggers D) transactions (77) Which of the following statements about object oriented databases is NOT correct? (2 分 ) A) Each object has a unique object identity in the system. B) Encapsulation and inheritance are two important features of object oriented databases. C) A subclass can inherit the attributes and methods of all its superclasses. D) A superclass includes the attributes and methods of all its subclasses. (78) In the design phase of software engineering, decomposition of the program into modules should follow the principles of A) low cohesion with low corpling B) low cohesion with high coupling C) high cohesion with low coupling D) high cohesion with high coupling (79) Specifications for software should contain several components, e.g., specifications of information flow, user interface, functional requirements, and design constraints. Two other important components are specifications of the (2 分 ) A) methods of testing and ways to obtain quality assurance B) criteria for testing and ways to obtain quality assurance C) methods of testing and criteria for function assurane D) criteria for testing and methods of function assurance (80) Which of the following statements about testing software with data is (are) true? I. The primary purpose of such testing is to find errors. II. Such testing can demonstrate the existence of errors but cannot demonstrate the absence of errors. A) Neither B) Ⅰ only C) Ⅱ only D) Ⅰ and Ⅱ (81) The type of testing done during software implementation and beforemodule integration is called A) unit testing B) beta testing C) system testing D) acceptance testing (82) Which of the following is (are) true about software portability? I. Using a high-level language that conforms to an ISO standardguarantees portability across the range of machines that support the language. II. Portability is guaranteed across all machines that have the same instruction set and operating system. (2 分 ) A) Neither B) Ⅰ only C) Ⅱ only D) Ⅰ and Ⅱ (83) A memory-memory, machine instruction for a certain machine has the following format. (Such an instruction is similar to a register-register instruction except that the operands are displaced addresses in memory.) opcode meml displ1 mem2 displ2 Which of the following could be an assembly lanuage instruction that would be translated into a memory-to-memory instruction for this machine? A) ADD 10(R1), 20(R2) B) ADD(10R1), (20R2) C) ADD R1, 10(R2), 20 D) ADD R1, 10, 20(R2) (84) In a certain cache system, the modified cache block is written to main memory only when the block is replaced. All of the following are used to describe this policy EXCEPT A) store-in B) write-back C) copy-back D) write-through (85) When an amount of memory is requested that is less than the size of a page, but a full page is allocated, the resulting waste of memory is called A) external fragmentation B) internal fragmentation C) inaccessible page faults D) inaccessible garbage (86) The time that the CPU spends on a given program can be computed using all of the following expressions EXCEPT (2 分 ) A) (CPU clock cycles for the program)*(clock cycle time) B) CPU clock cycles for the program clock rate C) (Instruction count)*CPI clock rate D) (CPU clock cycles for the program)*CPI clock rate (87) The methods used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) are switch technology and which of the following is used to describe this mode? A) cell exchange B) packet exchange C) message exchange D) information exchange (88) In a data communication system, the transport media with the widest frequency band and best reliability is the A) telephone line B) coaxial cable C) radio channel D) fiber optic cable (89) Which of the following statements about the Internet is (are) true? I. It is possible to have multiple names corresponding to the same IP address. II. All host names must be registered with an Internet-wide central registry. A) Neither B) Ⅰ only C) Ⅱ only D) Ⅰ and Ⅱ (90) According to the principle of CRC calculation, given a frame-bit series M=11100111 and the multiple-term formula, frame-bit series generated by the CRC G=110011, then the CRC is (2 分 ) A) 111101 B) 00011 C) 11010011 D) 1101001 二、论述题 ( 两个论述题可任选其一 , 并只选其一 , 多选无效 , 满分 30 分。 ) 论述题 1 局域网是当前计算机网络研究与应用的一个热点 , 而符合 IEEE 802.3 标准的传统 Ethenet(MAC 层采用 CSMA/CD 方法 , 物理层采用 10BASE-T 标准 ) 应用最为广泛。随着网络应用的发展 , 以及大型信息系统与多媒体技术的应用 , 人们对局域网性能提出了越来越高的要求 , 出现了符合 100BASE-T 标准的 Fast Ethernet 、交换局域网 Switching LAN 与 ATM 等高速局域网产品。尽管高速局域网技术发展十分迅速 , 但是 Ethernet 仍然会被广泛地使用。今后的网络应该是传统 Ethernet 、 FastEthernet LAN 与 ATM 共存的结构。因此 , 研究 Ethernet 的基本工作原理、优点与缺点 , 讨论高速局域网络发展的趋势与特点 , 对我们学习和掌握局域网应用技术是十分重要的。 (1) 请用 Ethernet 发送与接收流程框图说明 CSMA/CD 介质访问控制方法的基本工作原理。 (15 分 ) (2) 为什么说 CSMA/CD 属于共享介质、随机争用型的介质访问控制方法 ? 这种方法主要缺点是什么 ? (5 分 ) (3) 你认为 Fast Ethernet 与 ATM 、 Switching LAN 是从哪两个方面改进了传统的 Ethernet? 它们各有什么优缺点 ? (10 分 ) 论述题 2 进程通信就是进程之间进行信息交换。系统中各进程异步执行 , 但有些进程之间必须保持一定的联系 , 以便协调一致地完成指定任务。这种联系就是通过交换一定数量的信息来实现的。 消息缓冲通信技术是一种高级通信机制 , 由 Hansen 首先提出。其基本思想是 : 根据 " 生产者-消费者关系 " 原理 , 利用公共消息缓冲区实现进程之间的信息交换。 (1) 试叙述高级通信机制与低级通信机制 P 、 V 原语操作的主要区别。 (5 分 ) (2) 试叙述解释消息缓冲通信技术的基本原理。 (10 分 ) (3) 消息缓冲通信机制中提供发送消息原语。 Send(receiver,a) 和接收消息原语 Receive(a) 。调用参数 a 分别表示发送消息的内存区首地址或接收进程的内存消息区首地址。试设计相应的数据结构 , 并用 P 、 V 操作原语实现 Send 和 Receive 原语。 (15 分 ) 1996年 全国计算机等级考试四级笔试试卷答案及评分标准 一、选择题 ((1)-(90) 题分为 1 分题和 2 分题,满份 120 分 ) 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.A 23.B 24.D 25.D 26.A 27.B 28.D 29.D 30.C 31.B 32.D 33.D 34.D 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.C 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.B 45.D 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.D 50.C 51.B 52.C 53.D 54.D 55.B 56.C 57.D 58.B 59.A 60.B 61.B 62.D 63.D 64.D 65.B 66.D 67.D 68.B 69.A 70.B 71.D 72.C 73.A 74.B 75.C 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.B 80.B 81.A 82.A 83.A 84.D 85.B 86.D 87.A 88.D 89.B 90.B 二、论述题评分参考: 论述题 1 本题通过三个议题考查考生 : 是否掌握最常用局域网系统的基本工作原理 , 是否掌握对共享介质局域网性能的基本分析方法与结论 , 是否了解当前高速局域网技术的发展趋势与特点 , 从而 断考生在网络系统集成技术与网络系统应用方面所具备的知识基础。 (1) 要点 : ① 发送流程与接收流程两部分分值分别为 8 分与 7 分 ; ② 发送流程表述中有载波侦听、冲突检测、冲突次数 断与后退延迟等 4 个要点 , 顺序正确 , 流程完整 , 得 8 分 ; 缺少一个要点扣 2 分 ; 顺序颠倒 1 处 , 扣 1 分 ; ③ 接收流程表述中有冲突碎片滤除、地址识别、帧检验、帧长度检测等 4 个要点 , 顺序正确 , 流程完整 , 得 7 分 ; 缺少一个要点扣 2 分 ; 顺序颠倒 1 处 , 扣 1 分 ; ④ 在流程表述中 , 要点准确 , 但表述不规范 , 不完整 , 可扣除 1~2 分 ; ⑤ 对考生不能用流程框图表述 , 但能用文字正确描述 , 可参考以上分值评分 , 但满分分别为 6 分、 5 分。 (2) 要点 : ① 对 CSMA/CD 方法的分析与主要缺点两部分分值分别为 3 分、 2 分 ② 用 Ethernet 物理结构特点来表述 CSMA/CD 方法属共享介质类 , 得 1 分 ; 用截止二进制后退延迟算法表述 CSMA/CD 方法属随机争用型 , 得 2 分 ; ③ 指出 CSMA/CD 方法不适应重负荷与有实时性通信要求 , 得 2 分 ; 缺 1 项扣 1 分 ; (3) 要点 : ① 考生表述 :Fast Ethemet 是保持 MAC 层协议不变 , 仅从提高带宽角度改进传统 Ether-net,ATM 、 Switching LAN 是从改变局域网协议与工作原理的角度取得高带宽、低延迟性能,或笼统从提高带宽与改变协议两个方面改进传统局域网,均可得 4 分;缺少 1 个要点扣 2 分; ② Fast Ethernet 、 Switching LAN 、 ATM 每个优缺点讨论的分值为 2 分; ③ Fast Ethernet 优点:对 10BASE-T Ethenet 的兼容性;缺点:仍保留着 CSMA/CD 方法的缺点,各为 1 分; Switching LAN 优点;通过并发连接获得高带宽;缺点:与传统 Ethernet 协议的不一致性,各为 1 分; ATM 优点:高带宽、低时延:缺点:采用 cell 做为数据传输基本 单元与 Ethernet 帧结构的不一致性,各为 1 分; ④ 如考生对 Fast Ethernet 、 Switching LAN 与 ATM 的原理、性能与优缺点分析正确、合理,可参考以上分值分配酌情评分。 论述题 2 (1) 要点:进程间通信时所交换的信息量可多可少。少者仅是一些状态和数据的交换,或者仅是一个简单的唤醒信号;多者可交换大量信息。前者称为进程同步与进程互斥,亦称进程间低级通信;后者通信方式称为进程间高级通信。 (答出要点给 3 分,根据组织情况再给 2 分) (2) 要点: ① 由操作系统在系统空间维护一组缓冲区; ② 由操作系统提供两个进程高级通信原语 Send 和 Receive; ③ 发送进程要发送消息时,执行 Send 系统调用命令,产生自愿性中断进入操作系统 核心; ④ 操作系统为发送进程分配一个空缓冲区,并将所发送的消息内容从发送进程空间拷贝到该缓冲区中;然后将此缓冲区连接到接收进程的消息队列尾;发送进程就完成了发送,返回到用户态继续执行; ⑤ 当接收进程执行到 receive 系统调用命令时,也产生自愿性中断,进入操作系统核心; ⑥ 操作系统将载有消息的缓冲区从消息队列中取出,并将消息内容拷贝到接收进程空间中,然后收回空闲缓冲区;接收进程完成了消息接收,返回到用户态继续执行; ( ① 、 ② 、 ④ 、 ⑥ 为 2 分; ③ 、 ⑤ 为 1 分) (3) 要点: ① 消息缓冲区的数据结构为: Type Message=Recoud Sender( 消息发送者 ) Size( 消息长度 ) text( 消息正文 ) pointer( 消息队列指针 ) End, ② 设置信号如下: * 每个接收进程有一个 m-mutex :互诉对消息队列的操作,初值为 1 ; * buffe :管理空闲缓冲区,初值为空闲缓冲区个数; * b-mutex :互诉操作空闲缓冲区,初值为为 1 ; * message :管理接收进程消息,初值为 0 ; ③ Send (receiver,a) Begin 根据参数 R 寻找接收进程,如果未找到,则出错返回; P(buffer) ; P(b-mutex) ; 从消息缓冲区链上摘取一个空闲消息缓冲区; V(b-mutex) ; 将消息长度及消息正文由 a 指示由发送区拷贝到消息缓冲区中; 将发送进程的名字也记录在该缓冲区中; P(m-mutex) ; 将消息缓冲区挂到接收进程消息链的尾部; V(m-mutex) ; V(mmssage) End. ④ Receive(a) Begin P(message) ; P(m-mutex) ; 从消息队列中取一个载有消息的缓冲区; V(m-mutex) ; 将消息长度及肖息正文由消息缓冲区拷贝到接收区 ( 由 a 指示 ) ; P(b-mutex) ; 将空闲缓冲区挂到系统消息缓冲区链尾; V(b-mutex) ; V(buffer) ; End. ( ① 3 分 ② 4 分 ③ 4 分 ④ 4 分 ③ , ④ 重点在 P , V 操作 )
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