5. What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oates’s first novel?
(A) Loneliness
(B) Inanity
(C) Teaching
(D) Racing
6. Why does the author mention Oates’s book Them?
(A) It is a typical novel of the 1960’s
(B) It is her best piece of nonfiction.
(C) It is a fictional work based on the experiences of another person.
(D) It is an autobiography.
7. Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write?
(A) A story with an unhappy ending
(B) A romancer novel set in the nineteenth century
(C) A science fiction novel
(D) A dialogue for a talk show
Question 8-18
Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common
sea cucumber. All living creature, especially human beings,
have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea
cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre
animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds
almost continuously day and night but can live without eating
for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered
supremely edible by gourmets?
For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities,
the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is
adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under
rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats.
Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has
the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever
nutrients are present.
Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from
black to reddish - brown to sand - color and nearly white. One
form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are
cucumber - shaped - hence their name - and because they are
typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with flexibility,
enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe
from predators and ocean currents.
Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and
night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent
and live at a low metabolic rate - feeding sparingly or not at all
for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide
their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this
faculty, they would devour all the food available in s short
time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.
But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is
the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs,
when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water.
It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea
cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked
or even touched; it will do the same if surrounding water
temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.
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