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1996年8月托福阅读全真试题(2) |
| 来源:www.stu88.com 时间:2006-04-27 |
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6.In his research at Columbia University, Charles Townes worked with all of the following EXCEPT
(A) stimulated emission
(B) microwaves
(C) light amplification
(D) a maser
7.In approximately what year was the first maser built?
(A) 1917
(B) 1951
(C) 1953
(D) 1957
8.The word "emerged" in line 28 is closest in meaning to
(A) increased
(B) concluded
(C) succeeded
(D) appeared
9.The word "outlining" in line 30 is closest in meaning to
(A) assigning
(B) studying
(C) checking
(D) summarizing
10.Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?
(A) The researchers’ notebooks were lost.
(B) Several people were developing the idea at the same time.
(C) No one claimed credit for the development until recently.
(D) The work is still incomplete.
Questions 11-21
Panel painting, common in thirteenth -and fourteenth
-century Europe , involved a painstaking , laborious process.
Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso to prepare the
surface for painting , and then polished smooth with special
tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a
composition with chalk, refine it with inks, and then begin the
deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint
(egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes.
The successive layering of these meticulously applied paints
produced the final, translucent colors.
Backgrounds of gold were made by carefully applying
sheets of gold leaf, and then embellishing of decorating the
gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which a pattern
had been embossed. Every step in the process was slow and
deliberate . The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist
know exactly where each stroke be placed before the brush met
the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was,
therefore , an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear
edges and pure, fine areas of color that were so much a part of
the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that an artist
could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous
inspiration was completely alien to these deliberately produced works.
Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming
that it demanded assistance. All such work was done
by collective enterprise in the workshops. The painter or
master who is credited with having created painting may have
designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly
unlikely that the artist’s hand applied every stroke of the
brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been
trained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The
carpenter’s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied
the panel, and yet another shop supplied the gold. Thus,
not only many hands , but also many shops were involved in
the final product.
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration,
and preservation many panel paintings have survived, and
today many of them are housed in museum collections.
11.What aspect of panel paintings does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Famous examples
(B) Different styles
(C) Restoration
(D) Production
12.According to the passage, what was the first step in making a panel painting?
(A) Mixing the paint
(B) Preparing the panel
(C) Buying the gold leaf
(D) Making ink drawings 共7页:  [1] 2 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 
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