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TOEFL全真试题（2-2）(3) |
| 来源:www.stu88.com 时间:2006-04-27 |
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21.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
(A) It was expensive.
(B) It happened too slowly.
(C) It was unplanned.
(D) It created a demand for public transportation.
22.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city
(A) that is large
(B) that is used as a model for land development
(C) where land development exceeded population growth
(D) with an excellent mass transportation system
Questions 23-33
The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record.
The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by
weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of being
preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live
in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite
of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack
of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid
burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved
ichthyosaur fossils.
The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The
ichthyosaur remains are found in black , bituminous marine shales deposited about
190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of speciments of marine reptiles, fish,
and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is
outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils
containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6
different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a
specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The
embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example,
are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition,
the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20and 30 inches
long.
Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so
rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation, is almost unmatched and quarry operations
have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these
factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a
concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of
giving birth.
23.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
(A) Some species of ichthyoeaurs decayed more rapidly than other species.
(B) Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller than other new born inarine reptiles.
(C) Ichthyosaurs were more advanced than terrestrial creatures.
(D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at Holzmaden lo give birth.
24. The word "they" in line 3 refers to
(A) skelectons
(3) scavengers
(C) creatures
(D) environments
25. All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the
(A) speed of buring
(B) conditions of the water
(C) rate at which soft tissues decay
(D) cause of death of the animal
26. Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage ?
(A) They include examples of newly discovered species.
(B) They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.
(C) They are older than fossils found in other places.
( D ) They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
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